مجله ره آورد سلامت
سال پنجم شماره 1 (بهار 1398)

Airborne microplastics are plastic particles smaller than 5 mm in diameter, with primary and secondary sources that come into contact with the human body in various ways. Due to their widespread distribution in the environment, they can pose a threat to other living organisms and even non-living elements. The aim of the current study is to investigate the health and environmental effects of airborne microplastics.

In the initial search for articles, a total of 163 articles were found from 2018 to 2023, which was reduced to 107 after removing duplicates. Then, during the screening stage, the titles and abstracts of the articles were reviewed, resulting in 31 articles remaining. The full text of the screened articles was studied to obtain relevant articles, and finally, 27 articles were used in the present study.

Airborne microplastics exhibit various characteristics in terms of shape, size, and color. They are distributed from various sources such as clothing, vehicle tires, and healthcare products. In addition to their effects on the environment (vegetation, soil, aquatic animals, polar ice, etc.), these particles can also have destructive effects on the human body, including endocrine disorders, weakness in the nervous system, energy metabolism disorders, asthma, and even cancer.

Due to their widespread distribution, high resistance, and especially their potential effects on living organisms, airborne microplastics can be considered a serious global threat. With the anticipated increasing trend of the presence of these particles in our environment, more studies are needed to determine the effects of airborne microplastics on human health and the environment as much as possible.

HIV is one of the human sufferings with its global prevalence and the lack of effective treatment methods. Therefore, education can be considered an effective solution to prevent new cases. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of two educational methods on the knowledge and attitude of third year high school students.

This research is a semi-experimental study in the form of a census of the survey and selection of all possible examples (400) students of third year high school Chalderan city has done. To collect questionnaire data from triploid including demographic information, knowledge and attitude by the research units in the two pre-test and post-test completed, has been used. People under consideration to three lectures, group discussions have been divided. Data collected by the Software spss16 descriptive and inferential statistical tests and analysis have been.

The results showed that knowledge of students before and after training in three groups, lectures and group discussion and control of statistically significant differences existed. (p<0.001) as the group average speech awareness of 17.46 to 20.54 in group lecture, 17.85 to 22.38 in group discussions from 17.31 in the control group has improved to 18.26. Also, significant difference between the level of student attitudes before and after training among the three groups were observed (p<0.05). Comparing the two methods in education and the level of awareness improved of attitudes were significantly different (p<0.05).

The results suggest that despite the impact of two educational methods on knowledge and attitudes of students (the control group), the effectiveness of group discussion has more than lecture and as a more effective way than this study was accepted.

The remains of war in today's world have the potential to become an important motivational factor in tourism. Since traveling to the operational areas in the path of light requires a lot of time and financial and human costs, therefore, in order to benefit more fundamentally and better than what we are witnessing today, it is necessary to identify and analyze the most important driving motivational factors. and the attraction of visitors to the memorials of operational areas. Therefore, this research aims to identify, from a scientific point of view, the push and pull motivation factors of Iranian visitors to war memorials, and group them.

In terms of its nature, the present research was a survey and according to its purpose, it was included in the group of applied research. The required information has been collected both in the library and in the field. Also, one-sample T-test and Friedman's test were used to analyze the data. The statistical population in this research is the pilgrims of Rahian-e-Nour who have traveled to operational areas, and the sample size was determined using Cochran's formula of 1920 samples. Then using hierarchical cluster sampling method; The main unit of the study was determined through several stages of continuous sampling.

The results of the research show that the most important components of drive motivation are related to self-improvement (3.13), national identity (2.71), curiosity (2.57) and protection (1.59). And the most important pull motivation factors, according to the rank average, are related to the sanctity of the place (2.58), entertainment and leisure time (environmental attractions) (1.78) and obligation (1.64).

Therefore, the result of the research indicates that the thrust components have more influence than the pull components in visiting the monuments caused by the Iran war. Finally, 18 strategies have been presented in order to meet the motivational needs and desires (internal and external) of tourists and attract them to the desired places.

Today, the water resources contamination due to petroleum compounds and its health effects on human and the environment is considered as an important issue. The removal of these pollutants is done by various methods among which, biological methods are superior due to their cost effectiveness, easy access, etc. In this study, a variety of biological methods have been investigated to remove petroleum compounds from water.

Keywords and phrases such as Bioremediation, petroleum compounds, Bio adsorbents, petroleum removal, petroleum bioremediation, petroleum phytoremediation and their Persian equivalents were searched in the databases include; Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Magiran, ResearchGate, SID, Wiley to find content related to the current study and after reviewing the available studies, 28 of the most relevant articles from 2018 to 2023 were reviewed for the intended study.

According to the research carried out, bioremediation and the use of natural adsorbents along with native microorganisms that decompose hydrocarbons are noted to remove petroleum compounds. Although these methods require to long time and adaptation of microorganisms to environmental conditions but due to benefits such as high efficiency, biocompatibility, safety, cheapness and availability, they are recommended over other existing methods to remove petroleum pollution from water. Furthermore, to increase the speed of bioremediation by microorganisms, strategies of biological stimulation and reinforcement can be used, which increases the growth of petroleum hydrocarbon decomposers.

Considering the importance of health and preserving human health and the environment, the removal of petroleum pollutants from the aquatic environment is very important. A review of the biological methods used to remove these pollutants shows the use of microorganisms that decompose petroleum compounds, that adapted to environmental conditions and parameters such as temperature, pH, etc. over time and generate biosurfactant, is recommended in the long term.

Hormones are one of the most important groups of emerging pollutants that enter the environment through agricultural runoff, hospital effluents, and sewage, and removing these compounds from aquatic environments is very important. Advanced oxidation processes based on the production of free hydroxyl radicals are one of the most efficient methods for removing these compounds. The purpose of this research was to review the hormones removal methods for from aquatic environments by advanced oxidation processes.

By selecting the articles in the period of 2018-2023 and searching in the databases of Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science and Pubmed, about 648 articles were found. After screening, checking the full text of articles, removing duplicate articles and removing articles due to lack of sufficient information, finally 13 selected articles were reviewed.

According to the studies, the photocatalytic removal methods by g-C3N4/WO3 supported with silica as well as the combined process of ozone oxidation and ultrafiltration are effective technologies in removing steroid hormones. The use of combined methods, nanocomposite and different nanoparticles etc. for this process can increase the removal efficiency.

The use of Advanced oxidation processes in the purification processes of water and wastewater contaminated with hormones due to high efficiency, cost-effectiveness, no secondary pollution, etc. can be used in the purification processes in the future.

Satisfaction represents the extent to which people's expectations are fulfilled and is a psychological, multifaceted concept influenced by various factors, including individual, psychological, cultural, and socio-economic factors. Assessing the satisfaction of individuals utilizing the services of Comprehensive Health Centers (CHC) can be a crucial indicator for evaluating the quality of services rendered. Therefore, the primary objective of this study is to determine the relationship among service recipients' satisfaction at the CHC of Aran and Bidgol and its associated factors in 2022.

In this descriptive and analytical study, we used a stratified random sampling method to select 328 service recipients from CHC and their branches. The research tool was a questionnaire including demographic information, a standardized questionnaire of general satisfaction with services (CSQ-8 customer satisfaction questionnaire) and a questionnaire of factors related to satisfaction. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS-22 software, with descriptive and inferential statistics.

Among the 382 randomly selected service recipients, 109 (28.3%) were male, and 273 (71.5%) were female. The study revealed an overall satisfaction rate of 82.9%. The highest dimension of satisfaction was related to overall satisfaction with services, technical and communication skills of employees, accessibility and facilities of the centers. The lowest dimension of satisfaction was related to the dimension of time spent by personnel to provide services and service cost. Technical and communication satisfaction, gender, marital status and job had a significant relationship with the overall satisfaction score.

Based on the study's findings, we recommend maintaining and enhancing service recipients' satisfaction at comprehensive health service centers through the implementation of appropriate strategies and planning. Fundamental measures should be taken to improve satisfaction in all dimensions. Furthermore, adopting innovative approaches to enhance the technical and communication skills of employees is imperative for increasing service recipients' satisfaction.

During the last decade, most of the countries of the world have faced an increase in the costs of the health and treatment sector. Efficient utilization of available resources through the implementation of resource allocation strategies and the improvement of health sector management is crucial and essential. Based on the extent of health and medical centers and the number of services provided by these centers, a considerable part of the community's health system resources is allocated to these centers, determining and continuously monitoring the efficiency of these centers can play a significant role in improving the efficiency of health resources and preventing the wastage of the country's resources. to have Therefore, the present study has been conducted for the first time in a systematic review with the aim of comparing the efficiency of the country's health centers to be a source of feedback to the relevant managers in this field.

In this research, a systematic review was conducted in databases using suitable keywords. 1035 articles were found and the reference list of the obtained articles was checked. Articles related to calculating the efficiency of health centers were reviewed. Finally, 8 articles met the conditions for entering the study and were analyzed.

The data envelopment analysis method has been used to evaluate the efficiency of health centers in the country. The efficiency of these centers has increased positively in the 90s com-pared to the late 70s and 80s. The urban center of Isfahan and the western bases of Tehran have the highest level of technical efficiency and their efficiency is reported to be over 80%.

It is essential for policymakers and healthcare managers to identify the factors contributing to the low efficiency of healthcare centers and implement strategies for enhancing their efficiency and ensuring the proper allocation of resources. Additionally, performance evaluation should be established to monitor the efficiency of Iran's healthcare system.

Background &

The goal of sports science researchers is to maximize the performance of athletes in various sports fields, in this regard, researchers are trying to discover and identify the factors that affect the performance of athletes, and it is completely accepted that sleep is one of the necessities of health. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of 30 hours of sleep deprivation on the response of orexin-A levels and pulmonary function to an anaerobic activity in active male students.Materials &

This research was conducted semi-experimental and in the form of a pre-test and a post-test. The protocol was that in the control position, after 12 hours of fasting and 8 hours of sufficient sleep, in the experimental position after 12 hours of fasting and 30 hours, complete insomnia of the subjects was investigated in the student dormitory with controlled conditions.

The information related to the comparison of post-test and pre-test in two experimental situations (sleep deprivation) and control (sufficient sleep) showed that orexin-A hormone increased significantly in sleep deprivation conditions compared to resting conditions and this difference It is considered significant at the (p=0.001) level. Insomnia also caused significant changes in physiological indicators.

30 hours of sleep deprivation caused an increase in orexin-A levels, which shows the importance of night sleep, which is one of the influential factors related to obesity and overweight. It should be given more attention, especially by coaches and athletes, who after sleep deprivation has a significant effect on their performance.

Background &

Appropriate and practical indicators are crucial for evaluating NGO performance. NGOs can understand strengths and weaknesses by determining indicators. They can measure performance conformity and take effective steps for improvement. There was no tool to measure NGO performance in Iran's health system. The present study aims to identify and confirm evaluation indicators. The study will use expert and university manager opinions in 2022.Materials &

A cross-sectional study conducted in 2022 on 1000 health NGOs. We designed the model and determined its content validity using the Delphi technique. The Delphi technique involved 3 rounds and the participation of 20 experts. Factor analysis measured the structural validity of the model. It involved exploratory and confirmatory analysis. Cronbach's alpha coefficient determined the reliability of the validation model. Data analysis done with Excel2013, Spss26 and Lisrel8.80 software.

The initial questions of the model confirmed to have content validity based on the CVI = 0.775 index. The exploratory factor analysis results revealed a model with 7 dimensions. These dimensions were “International relations, Communication, Volunteering, Education, Successful models, Transparency and accountability, and Financial”. The model also includes 56 items. Based on the goodness of fit, the obtained model was reliable to measure the performance of NGOs (RMSEA=0.029).

The validation model is reliable. It measures NGOs performance in Iran.